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Halvtrong fremre urunda vokal

Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket
IPA-teikn e
IPA-nummer 308
Entitet (desimal) u
Unicode (hex) U+0065
X-SAMPA

u

Kirschenbaum u
Lydeksempel

Ein halvtrong fremre urunda vokal er ein vokal som blir nytta i nokre talespråk. Symbolet som representerer lyden i det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet (IPA) er «e», medan X-SAMPA nyttar e.

Førekomst

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Språk Ord IPA Tyding Merknad
Afrikaans Standard[1] bed [bet] 'seng' Typisk transkribert i IPA med ɛ. Varierer mellom halvtrong [e] og sentral ɛ̝.[1]
Arabisk Standard مَجۡر۪ىٰهَا‎/maǧrēhā [mad͡ʒ.reː.haː] Sjå imalah
Norsk le [leː] 'le' Dømet er frå standard austnorsk.[2][3] Sjå norsk fonologi.
  1. 1,0 1,1 Wissing 2016, section "The unrounded mid-front vowel /ɛ/".
  2. Vanvik 1979, s. 13-14.
  3. Kvifte & Gude-Husken 2005, s. 4.

Bibliografi

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  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2013) [First published 2003], Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students (3rd utg.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-50650-2 
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), «European Portuguese», Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223 
  • Deterding, David (2000), «Measurements of the /eɪ/ and /oʊ/ vowels of young English speakers in Singapore», i Brown, Adam; Deterding, David; Low, Ee Ling, The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation, Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics, s. 93–99 
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  • Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press 
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  • Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo 
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  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4. 
  • Laufer, Asher (1999), «Hebrew», Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, s. 96–99 
  • Mahboob, Ahmar; Ahmar, Nadra H. (2004), «Pakistani English: phonology», i Schneider, Edgar W., A handbook of varieties of English 1, Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, s. 1003–1015 
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  • Peters, Jörg (2019), «Saterland Frisian», Journal of the International Phonetic Association 49 (2): 223–230, doi:10.1017/S0025100317000226 
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  • Šuštaršič, Rastislav; Komar, Smiljana; Petek, Bojan (1999), «Slovene», Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 135–139, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874 
  • Szende, Tamás (1994), «Illustrations of the IPA: Hungarian», Journal of the International Phonetic Association 24 (2): 91–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005090 
  • Ternes, Elmar (1992), «The Breton language», i MacAulay, Donald, The Celtic Languages, Cambridge University Press, s. 371–452, ISBN 978-0-521-23127-5 
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Endre Fremre Nesten-
fremre
Midtre Nesten-
bakre
Bakre
Trong
i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
• ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ
Nesten-trong
Halvtrong
Sentral
Halvopen
Nesten-open
Open